Name
       emuii - an emulator of Apple ][-class hardware

Synopsis
       emuii

Description
       EMU][  is a program which emulates an Apple ][ computer with 48K or 64K
       RAM (or an Apple //e with up to 3136K), two 5.25" floppy drives  and  a
       3.5"  high-density  (1.40  MB) floppy drive.  The disk drives are simu-
       lated, through files on the user's hard disk, with the exception of the
       3.5"  drive,  which  is  simulated on an actual 3.5" drive installed as
       drive A: on the user's system.  A  joystick  is  also  emulated,  using
       either  the numeric keypad on a standard keyboard of a joystick or game
       pad connected to the PC game port.  This manual reflects EMU][  version
       0.30.

       EMU][  currently  has  no  command-line options. If you have sufficient
       RAM, up to 3136K of emulated memory will be made available to  programs
       which  support  the  RAM  Works  protocol. On the author's old computer
       (with 32 MB of RAM and running under DOS) the full 3 MB was  available.

       EMU][ is a functional, but not perfect emulator, but there are programs
       that run better on Dapple ][ than on  some  other  freeware  emulators.
       Additionally,  Dapple  ][  aims  to  be bilingual; some of the messages
       (more in the future) emitted  by  the  emulator  have  been  translated
       (back-translated?)  into German, and a German keyboard layout is avail-
       able. (German users please note that the keyboard in emulation mode  is
       in the QWERTY order by default, rather than QWERTZ; many games expect Z
       to be placed below A, and so the convention has  been  followed.  This,
       however, is configurable.)

       EMU]['s  joystick  emulation  may not be perfect, if a real joystick is
       used.  The center value is based on the joypad which had been  used  by
       the developer that had one to work with; your own mileage may vary.

       EMU][ does not come with ROM images; however, methods exist for dumping
       the ROM from a real Apple ][ and using the freeware  program  "adt"  to
       transfer it to a PC.  You should name the ROM images according to which
       Apple ][ series computer they represent:

           apple2.rom     Apple ][+
           apple2m.rom    Apple ][, Monitor ROM
           apple2o.rom    Apple ][, Autostart ROM ("INTBASIC")
           apple2eo.rom   Apple //e, original version ("][")
           apple2e.rom    Apple //e, enhanced version ("//e")
           apple2co.rom   Apple //c, original version (16K)
           apple2c.rom    Apple //c, newer version (32K)

       The systems supported by both EMU][ and ApplePC use the same ROM  file-
       names.   You can place Dapple ][ in the same directory as ApplePC (not-
       ing that you will have to set the ROM directory appropriately using the
       manual  file  selector,  because EMU][ expects to find its ROM files in
       the roms subdirectory). However, it is not  recommended  to  use  down-
       loaded  ROM  files  (which are usually in the ApplePC format) for legal
       reasons. The proper file size for an Apple ][/][+ ROM is  12288  bytes;
       for  the  //e  or  original //c, 16128 bytes; or for the new //c, 32768
       bytes. (The newer //c uses all but 256 bytes of this space,  which  are
       not  accessible; there is no other common format for //c ROMs than that
       used by ApplePC, excepting possibly the format used by MESS.)

       In addition, EMU][ has begun to support a mouse in //e mode if  the  C4
       page  is  dumped from Apple Oasis. Work is progressing on rewriting the
       mouse code so as not to require code from that emulator.

       In some respects, EMU][ may be superior to a real Apple ][, although no
       emulator  can ever hope to be as good as a real ][. EMU][ emulates a US
       or German (more layouts coming soon) keyboard with full  uppercase  and
       lowercase  characters on all models including the Apple ][ and ][+. Not
       all programs can recognize this; by default, the Apple's BIOS does  not
       handle  this.   (Reading  the  keyboard  directly  will work, however.)
       Additionally, EMU][ is capable of reading and  writing  1.4  MB  floppy
       disks (although the compatibility of such disks with real 1.4 MB drives
       attached to Apple computers has not yet been  determined).  The  author
       knows of no PC emulators that can read 3.5" disks, although he has used
       an Apple IIgs emulator on the Macintosh which offered this  functional-
       ity. Very few Apple ][ computers (the Mark ][ prototype being an excep-
       tion) had 1.40 MB drives, but those that do can  be  used  to  transfer
       disk images easily to PCs by transferring files within the emulator, or
       using a file transfer utility combined with getdisk, which is available
       from  SourceForge  from the same place as the emulator.  It is impossi-
       ble, however, to read 800K Apple disks on a PC, since the coding of the
       Apple  disks  (GCR)  cannot be read by the PC's (MFM) hardware. This is
       the same reason that 140K (5.25") diskettes cannot be read on a PC.

       However, in many respects there are other superior emulators,  more  or
       less  since  Dapple  ][  doesn't  do  Z80 (earlier versions did in fact
       attempt this, but it never  worked  right),  and  there  are  a  couple
       aspects of the video display not yet emulated.

       EMU][  features  a simple debugger, which can be activated using the F9
       key.  More powerful features are  included  in  Apple's  own  debugger,
       which  is  activated  when  a BRK ($00) opcode is encountered; however,
       Apple's monitor does not have support for the 65C02 opcodes (except  on
       the  //c).  EMU]['s  disassembler has been written with support for all
       the 65C02 and 65SC02 opcodes. The NMOS 6502 can also be  emulated,  for
       those programs that require its opcodes, although not all of the undoc-
       umented opcodes are supported yet.

       EMU][ also comes with a powerful 6502 macro assembler,  which  has  not
       yet  been  documented  (some sources are bundled with the emulator, and
       are actually compiled on demand at runtime).

       If you prefer a monochrome display, Shift-F3 toggles between color  and
       three  types  of monochrome mode. The monochrome settings do not affect
       lo-res mode and have retro-looking white, green or amber  color.  There
       is  a  grayscale palette as well as three different color palettes - an
       approximation of that used by  the  Apple  IIgs;  the  RGB  palette  as
       reported  by Robert Munafo, and an approximation of the palette used by
       ApplePC.

       As in a few other PC-based emulators, you may press Ctrl-F12  to  reset
       the emulated CPU.

Known bugs
       The effect of enabling double low-resolution graphics in 40-column mode
       is not emulated.

       There is limited support for the mouse, but code from Apple ][ Oasis is
       required.

       To   report   a   bug,   e-mail  the  maintainer,  Steve  Nickolas,  at
       <steve@dosius.zzn.com>.

Author
       The original  Apple  emulation  code  was  written  by  Steve  Nickolas
       <steve@dosius.zzn.com>.  Holger Picker has also contributed to the emu-
       lator source; some  vestiges  of  code  originally  written  by  Andrew
       Gregory  remain  as  well. Part of the 6502 core was based on code sup-
       plied by Scott Hemphill.

Credits
       Some of the information used in the Dapple ][ emulator was supplied  by
       the  following  people. We appreciate their occasionally unwitting con-
       tributions.  :)

           Scott Alfter
           David Empson
           Andrew Gregory
           Lazarus I. Long
           Robert Munafo
           Jon Relay
           Paul R. Santa-Maria

       Thanks Marat Fayzullin and Marcel de Kogel for the CPU cores which were
       formerly used in Dapple.

       (The  author is sorry if he has forgotten anyone; after all, he is only
       human.)
